Primary study objective:

• To assess the current indications for PCNL and the treatment outcomes in terms of the stone free rate

Secondary study objectives:

• To assess the peri-operative morbidity (30 days) by using the Clavien system
• To define risk factors for the development of peri-operative morbidity after PCNL

 

The following variables will be included to correlate in a logistic regression and uni/multivariate analysis:

• The use of antibiotics and incidence of infections.
• The type of access used (balloon versus metal dilators) and the possible differences in morbidity.
• Specific medical conditions (age, BMI, DM, anticoagulants, cardiovascular disease) versus outcome and morbidity
• The success of PCNL treatment following prior instrumental treatment for renal stones.
• Outcomes in complicated cases (mono-kidney, renal congenital anomalies, neurogenic problems)
• To study preferences in intra-operative technique (device for fragmentation, use of ureteral stents and/or percutaneous drain, kind of guidance for access, puncture site)
• To study differences between lower and higher volume sites